Etymology and meaning
Islam is a verbal noun
originating from the triliteral root s-l-m which forms a large class of words
mostly relating to concepts of wholeness, safeness and peace. In a religious
context it means "voluntary submission to God". Muslim, the word for
an adherent of Islam, is the active participle of the same verb of which Islām
is the infinitive. Believers demonstrate submission to God by serving God and
following his commands, and rejecting polytheism. The word sometimes has
distinct connotations in its various occurrences in the Qur'an. In some verses
(ayat), there is stress on the quality of Islam as an internal conviction:
"Whomsoever God desires to guide, He expands his breast to Islam."
Other verses connect islām and dīn (usually translated as
"religion"): "Today, I have perfected your religion (dīn) for
you; I have completed My blessing upon you; I have approved Islam for your
religion." Still others describe Islam as an action of returning to
God—more than just a verbal affirmation of faith. Another technical meaning in
Islamic thought is as one part of a triad of islam, imān (faith), and ihsān
(excellence) where it represents acts of service (`ibādah) and Islamic law
(sharia).
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